A Stanford University study published earlier this week found that utility-scale solar development built alongside existing infrastructure, on rooftops or in backyards, may be more than enough to power whole communities.

The research, published in Nature Climate Change, modeled land-use efficiency in California, a global solar energy hotspot. The study examined how urban areas could be made more efficient by developing more localized sources for renewable energy.

“The quantity of accessible energy potentially produced from photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) within the built environment exceeds current statewide demand,” the study found.

Common criticisms of large solar arrays are that they can pose a threat to wildlife and crowd out other land uses.

“Our results show that we do not need to trade these places of environmental value for the production of renewable energy as ample land and space exists elsewhere,” said Rebecca Hernandez, study lead author and an environmental earth system scientist at Stanford. “Additionally, developing renewable power generation in places close to where it is consumed reduces costs and loss of electricity associated with transmission.”

Further, Hernandez notes, rooftops, vacant lots and industrial sites within urban areas are ideal for solar development, as they pose the “least environmental conflict.”

The abstract points out that such development “may be an overlooked opportunity for meeting sustainable energy needs in places with land and environmental constraints.”